Anti-Spermatozoa Antibody (ASA) serum ELISAAnti-Spermatozoa Antibody (ASA) seru

产品名称：Anti-Spermatozoa Antibody (ASA) serum ELISAAnti-Spermatozoa Antibody (ASA) serum ELISA
产    地：Demeditec 
产品货号：DE1020
产品规格：96 Tests
产品说明：
Special remarks:
1.Intended Use
The  anti-spermatozoa  antibody  ELISA  is  a  reliable  and  quantitative  test  for  the  determination antibodies directed against human spermatozoa. This test is intended for the use with serum. Please note: the terms “anti-spermatozoa antibodies”, “anti-sperm antibodies” and “sperm antibodies” are equivalent. In these instructions the rather unwieldy but correct term “anti-spermatozoa antibodies” is used.
2.Clinical Relevance
Antibodies  directed  against  spermatozoa  antigens  may  cause  infertility  in  women  or  men.  The application   of   the   Anti-Spermatozoa   Antibody   ELISA   is   recommended   for   the   diagnosis   of immunologically caused disorders of fertility. Unwanted childlessness is a growing problem with which up to 20% of all couples in the reproductive age are confronted temporarily or long-term. In 20% of these cases the presence of anti-spermatozoa antibodies in the male or the female patient is detectable (Lahteenmaki A et al: Hum Reprod (1995) 10, 2824-28; Nagy ZP et al: Hum Reprod (1995) 10, 1775-80). The  definition  of  infertility  according  to  the  WHO  (WHO  Laboratory  Manual  for  the  Examination  of Human Semen and Semen Cervical-Mucus Interaction, 1999) is the absence of a conception within 12 months  of  unprotected  intercourse.  The  main  cause  of  an  immunological  fertility  disorder  is  the formation of antibodies directed against spermatozoa antigens. Anti-spermatozoa antibodies exert heterogeneous effects on the ability of spermatozoa to fertilize. The inhibiting  effect  of  anti-spermatozoa  antibodies  on  the  motility  of  spermatozoa  by  binding  to  their surface and by agglutinating processes is well-known (Zouari R et al: Fertil Steril (1993) 59, 606-12). The  penetration  of  the  spermatozoa  into  the  cervical  mucus  is  impaired  by  the  presence  of  anti-spermatozoa  antibodies  in  the  seminal  plasma  and/or  in  the  cervical  mucus  (Eggert-Kruse W  et  al: Hum  Reprod  (1993)  8,  1025-31).  Anti-spermatozoa  antibodies  negatively  influence  the  capacitation and  the  acrosome  reaction  of  spermatozoa  and  thereby  impede  the  interaction  of  the  spermatozoa with the oocyte (Francavilla F et al: Front Biosci (1999): 1;4:9-25; Bohring C et al.: Hum Reprod (2001) 7:113-8). The interaction of the spermatozoon with the oocyte and the subsequent binding to and penetration of the zona pellucida may be inhibited by anti-spermatozoa antibodies. The following fusion of the oocyte and  a  spermatozoon  may  also  be  impaired  by  the  presence  of  anti-spermatozoa  antibodies (Mazumdar S et al.: Fertil Steril (1998) 70, 799-810; Kutteh WH: Hum Reprod, (1999) 14, 2426-9). According to Crosignani et al. (Crosignani et al.: PG et al.: Hum Reprod (1998) 13, 2025-32) the rate of pregnancies in couples with anti-spermatozoa antibodies on the part of the man or the woman are 38% lower compared to the control groups. Furthermore an influence on the implantation and on the early embryological development could be confirmed. An association of anti-spermatozoa antibodies and miscarriages is discussed. The frequency of anti-spermatozoa antibodies in infertile couples amounts to 20% (Lahteenmaki A et al.: Hum Reprod (1995) 10, 2824-28; Nagy ZP et al.: Hum Reprod (1995) 10, 1775-80). Anti-spermatozoa  antibodies  may  occur  dissolved  in  the  ejaculate  or  bound  to  the  surface  of spermatozoa. Anti-spermatozoa antibodies may be found in men and in women (Clarke GN et al.: Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol (1985) 7, 143-7). In women anti-spermatozoa antibodies may be found in cervical mucus, oviduct  liquid and follicular  liquid.  Men having more than 50%  of their spermatozoa coated with anti-spermatozoa antibodies show a conspicuously reduced rate of fertility (Abshagen K et al.: Fertil Steril (1998) 70, 355-6).
3.Fields of Application
The  Anti-Spermatozoa  Antibody  ELISA  can  be  applied  in  the  clinical  practice  for  the  diagnosis immunologically caused infertility in men and in women.
4.Principles of the Assay Method
The  anti-spermatozoa  antibody  ELISA  (Enzyme  Linked  ImmunoSorbent  Assay)  is  a  solid-phase sandwich  enzyme-immunoassay for the quantitative  determination of anti-spermatozoa antibodies in human serum. The  ELISA-plate  is  coated  with  a  mix  of  spermatozoa  proteins  which  are  recognized  by  anti-spermatozoa antibodies. The samples and standards are pipetted into the wells and then incubated. During  this  incubation  anti-spermatozoa  antibodies  bind  to  the  spermatozoa  proteins  and  are  thus immobilised  on  the  plate.  After  washing  the  enzyme  conjugate,  consisting  of  anti-human  globulin antibodies  covalently  coupled  to  horseradish  peroxidase,  is  added.  After  removal  of  the  unbound conjugate by washing the horseradish peroxidase oxidizes the then added substrate TMB (3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine) yielding a colour reaction which is stopped with 0.5 N acidic solution.The  extinction  is  measured  at  a  wavelength  of  450  nm  with  a  microplate  reader.  The  use  of  a reference measurement with a wavelength  ≥ 550 nm is recommended.
上海玉博生物技术有限公司在为生命科学领域提供丰富的产品与信息资源方面处于国内**地位，公司提供的产品涵盖了二十多个国家近五十万种产品，而且产品的数量与信息在不断的增长和更新，公司提供的产品能够使生命科学工作者加快对生物化学，分子生物学，细胞生物学以及蛋白质组学研究的认知，以及分子诊断和临床医学领域的应用。

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