Progranulin ELISA

产品名称：Progranulin ELISA
产    地：Demeditec 
产品货号：DEE0103
产品规格：96 Tests
产品说明：
Special remarks:
INTENDED USE
Measurement of human Progranulin in human Serum and Plasma Sample
INTRODUCTION
Progranulin is also known as Granulin Epithelin Precursor, Proepithelin or Acrogranin. It is a 68.5 kDa protein, consisting of 593 amino acids (inclusive Signalpeptid), which appears in vivo in strongly glycosylated form and therefore has a size of approximately 90 kDa. Progranulin has seven conserved domains, which are separated by linker sequences. By means of proteolytic cleavage, catalyzed by serine proteases like e.g. elastase, 6-25 kDa large fragments result, that are called Granulines or Epithelines. Progranulin is expressed
and secreted in particular in strongly proliferating tissues such as adenoid tissue, spleen, skin epithelium, gastrointestinal mucous membranes, haematopoietic cells and in tumor cells. Until now no specific receptors, which would obtain the effect of Progranulin or the Granulines are known.
Progranulin seems to be a factor, which affects the wound healing positively. In case of skin lesions the expression is increased in ceratinocytes, in macrophages and in neutrophile cells. Progranulin affects the wound healing indirectly by activation of macrophages and stimulation of angiogenesis in the damaged tissue. The physiological effects of Progranulin and Granulines are oppositional. Progranulin can restrain TNF? mediated proinflammatory processes. On the other hand the Granulines seem to stimulate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The influence of Progranulin on inflammatory processes could be shown also in arteriosclerotic plaques. Here Progranulin is expressed by smooth muscle cells and affects the migration of monocytes and smooth muscle cells. In the central nervous system Progranulin is expressed in microglia and neurons (in neocortical and hippocampal pyramid cells as well as in purkinje cells in the cerebellum). On mRNA level a clear increase of Progranulin expression could be shown during infections or injuries of the CNS, for example in mucopolysaccharidosis type I and IIIB, in viral inflammations of CNS, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in Alzheimer's disease. Beyond that Progranulin seems to be of relevance in the development of sex specific differences during pre- and postnatal development and also for the neural plasticity in *****s.
Progranulin and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) 5-10 % of all dementias are of the frontotemporal form. A mutation in the gene for Progranulin (PGRN) could be shown in 5-10 % of the patients suffering FTD. Nearly all pathological mutations lead to a premature transcription interruption and to rapid degradation of the mutated mRNA. This results in a PGRN haploinsufficiency with clearly decreased Progranulin concentrations in serum. Due to these results several studies were accomplished, in order to clarify the suitability of Progranulin as marker for the PRGN dependent frontotemporal dementia. The results of these studies show that Progranulin can detect already presymptomatically a FTD. Due to the missing standardisation and the use of different antibodies in the commercially available test systems cut off value must be evaluated for each assay separately.
Progranulin and Adiposity
Inflammatory processes are often increased in case of adiposity and type 2 diabetes, which is reflected by e.g. in the increase of the C-reactive Protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines e.g. IL-6. Youn et al. compared different groups of patients and have shown that the plasma concentration of Progranulin is significantly (1.4-fold) increased in type 2 diabetics compared to glucose-tolerant patients. The authors refer in particular to the positive correlation of the Progranulin concentration to the volume of the visceral adipose tissue. On the other hand no difference between slim and subcutaneous adipose patients has been detected in this study. For this reason the increase of the Progranulin concentration may reflect the body distribution of adipose tissue and thus represent a biomarker for visceral adipose tissue.
The Demeditec Progranulin ELISA DEE0103 is based on monoclonal antibodies, which detect with high specificity only Progranulin and not the single Granulines. Thus, a tool is available for the further investigation and validation of Progranulin as a biomarker for the visceral adipose tissue.
上海玉博生物技术有限公司在为生命科学领域提供丰富的产品与信息资源方面处于国内**地位，公司提供的产品涵盖了二十多个国家近五十万种产品，而且产品的数量与信息在不断的增长和更新，公司提供的产品能够使生命科学工作者加快对生物化学，分子生物学，细胞生物学以及蛋白质组学研究的认知，以及分子诊断和临床医学领域的应用。

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