Borrelia burgdorferi IgG
产品名称：Borrelia burgdorferi IgG
产 地：Demeditec
产品货号：DEBOR01
产品规格：96 Tests
其它产品：
Borrelia burgdorferi IgM Demeditec DEBOR03 96 Tests 1628
产品说明：
Specificity of the system: The microplates of this Borrelia burgdorferi IgG-ELISA are coated with the whole cell antigen extract of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, which cross-reacts with Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii, an addition of pure OspC, which increases the specificity and sensitivity of the assay.
In the US the predominant Borrelia strains are B. sensu stricto and B. afzelii, while in Europe there is in addition the strain B. garinii.
Clinical background of Borrelia infections:
Spirochetes are motile bacteria with a periplasmatic axial filament. All pathogenic species belong to the family Treponemataceae, which includes the three genera: Treponema, Borrelia, and Leptospira. The Treponemae are extremely long, flexible, filamentous cells that are usually held in a characteristic spiral, or coiled-spring shape. Borreliae are the largest Treponemataceae with very coarse and irregular spirals. Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is transmitted mainly by ticks but probably also by other blood-sucking insects. Habitats are the wooded, humid and temperate regions of North America, Europe, North Africa, Australia and Japan; foresters, farmers, and anybody entering infested forests may be affected.
The degree of contamination of ticks amounts to 3-60% dependent on seasonal and regional differences; up to 30% of the population may be infected (about 1500 cases annually in USA, several hundred in Europe).
The major constituent of B.burgdorferi flagella is flagellin (41 kDa, p41). Whereas the lipoprotein OspC (22 kDa, p22) within the outer membrane of the spirochete induces an early antibody formation in the ECM-phase of Lyme disease, the species-specific markers p100, p18 and VlsE are especially reliable for detecting the IgG response and they are responsible for the high sensitivity. P41i is included in the presented antigens to avoid cross reactivity with antibodies of syphilitic sera.
This Borrelia burgdorferi IgG-ELISA contains the recombinant epitope OspC of the phylum B31 (B. sensu stricto), 20047 and T25 (B. garinii), p100, and p18 of the phylum PKo (B. afzelii) and p41i of the phylum PBi (B. garinii).
History:
Lyme disease or Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne disease in North America and Europe, and the second fastest-growing infectious disease in the United States after AIDS. It is named after the town of Old Lyme, Connecticut where a cluster of cases was identified in 1975, although clinical features of the disease had been described in Europe as early as 1909. Lyme disease has now been reported in 49 of 50 states in the U.S, and on every continent except Antarctica. The cause of Lyme disease is a bacterial infection with a spirochete from the species complex Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, which is most often acquired from the bite of an infected Ixodes tick. Borrelia burgdorferi was first identified in 1982 by Willy Burgdorfer, a tick-borne disease expert at Rocky Mountain Labs in Hamilton, Montana. While Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is the predominant cause in the U.S., Lyme disease in Europe is more often caused by Borrelia afzelii or Borrelia garinii.
The disease varies widely in its presentation, which may include a rash and flu-like symptoms in its initial stage, followed by musculoskeletal, arthritic, neurologic, psychiatric and/or cardiac manifestations. Early detection and prompt antibiotic treatment most often result in an excellent prognosis. However early detection is difficult when the characteristic rash is not present, and even those who are diagnosed and treated early may remain symptomatic.
Delayed or inadequate treatment may often lead to a chronic illness that is disabling and difficult to treat. Amid great controversy over diagnosis, testing and treatment, two different standards of care for Lyme disease have emerged.
Lyme is a town in New London County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 2,016 at the 2000 census. Lyme and its neighboring town Old Lyme are the namesake for Lyme disease.
The life-cycle of B. burgdorferi is complex, requiring ticks, rodents, and deer at various points. Mice are the primary reservoir for the bacteria; Ixodes ticks then transmit the B. burgdorferi infection to deer.
The life-cycle concept encompassing reservoirs and infections in multiple hosts has recently been expanded to encompass forms of the spirochete which differ from the motile corkscrew form, and these include cystic forms spheroplast-like, straighted non-coiled bacillary forms which are immotile due to flagellin mutations and granular forms coccoid in profile. The model of Plasmodium species Malaria with multiple parasitic profiles demonstrable in various host insects and mammals is the textbook model for a similarly complex proposed Borrelia spirochete life cycle.
Controversially, some in the medical community believe Borrelia bacterium infections can also occur like other blood borne illnesses, including congenital, transfusion, and sexual. While patients have Borrelia infection-like symptoms, they may be missing the characteristic erythema migrans, leading many mainstream doctors to resist diagnosing Lyme disease.
Common misdiagnoses include depression and chronic fatigue syndrome. Despite credible symptoms, after many blood samples do not grow the bacterium in a lab culture, some labs use unapproved and unverified assays with mixed results, and because the CDC continues to insist that tick bites are the cause, then mainstream medicine remains skeptical. Some believe that the cyst form can lay dormant for months or years, and is easily missed in typical blood tests, and why normal cultures fail.
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